Wong Kar-Wais Relationship with Genre - 540 Words

This essay will explore Wong Kar-Wai’s relationship with genre within the context of the Hong Kong film industry, along with Wong’s various international influences, in order to argue, Chungking Express was a major turning point in his career in terms of his complex relationship with various elements of film genre. Contextualising genre within the Hong Kong film industry: Of all the international film industries across the globe Hong Kong is certainly one that is synonyms with genre cinema. Considering the commercial nature of its film industry, it seems only appropriate that when discussing Hong Kong cinema as a whole, genre seems to be a frequent and integral part of the conversation. The Hong Kong film industry was built to turn a profit and has become the dominant figure in all of East Asian cinema, relying heavily on exporting its films to Mainland China and Taiwan, as well as local box-office sales. Ding-Tzann Lii describes this relationship as one of ‘marginal imperialism’ and compares the Hong Kong industries hold over East Asia to that of Hollywood’s over the rest of the world. (1998: 125) However, with such a large demand for product Hong Kong has struggled to produce enough films each year to maintain its industries growth. Production rapidly became focused on making films quickly, cheaply and with the intention of being sold easily. The industry became much like a factory, producing films in an assembly line fashion, often pushing films into production without aShow MoreRelatedThe Mood For Love, Urban Space, And Post Modernity1571 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Mood For Love, Urban Space, and Post Modernity Wong Kar Wai’s Fa Yeung Nin Wa (2000), translated to In The Mood For Love, is an opening to the new millennium and homage to past genres of filmmaking. Deeply rooted in emotion and nostalgia, In The Mood For Love reads as a waltz throughout the entirety of the film. Set in 1962 Hong Kong, journalist Chow Mo-wan moves to the city with his wife, who is often away on business. He befriends a woman who lives in his apartment complex, Su Li-Zhen (referred

Vietnam in the Beginning Literature Review - 2389 Words

Vietnam was a poor country and very passive except in the north where a leader known as Ho Chi Mihn converted and taught his people about communism. So upon seeing this action the United States intervened to keep the South Vietnamese from the persecution from the North Vietnamese, and to keep them from communism. Was this the right answer yes or no! Dolan, Edward. MIA: Missing in Action. Franklin Watts.New York 1989. Peace talks filled the room in Paris, France. The United States and the North Vietnamese sat their deliberating talks trying to come to a peaceful negotiation, but these talks would always end up in a shouting match, and the issue at hand would not come to a close (Dolan 27). Richard Nixon went along a different†¦show more content†¦The people of the south were more into going to work getting higher paying jobs to support their families in these hard times (Hosmer 53). This was one contributing factor of why the South Vietnamese needed to get assistance from the United States of America to help them protect their semi-freedom, which they were holding on to desperately. The loss of Phuoc Long was also a huge turning point in the Vietnam era. Phuoc Long was one of the best cities that the south had (Hosmer 159). After its loss the ranks were weakened and it took a great psychological toll on the South Vietnamese the loss of this city marked the disintegration of the South Vietnamese (Hosmer 160). This book is strong in the political criteria that it shows the falls and the reasons for United States intervention into this conflict. This reference also gives the reader insight on why the South Vietnamese needed help because of their views, and their current political affiliation, which was that of a semi-dictatorship. Isaacs, Arnold. Vietnam Shadows: The War, Its Ghosts, and Its Legacy. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore 1997. President Johnson gives the reason why the United States is in Vietnam. His answer that he gives is always the same if you asked him once twice or even three times, We must do what we are doing to honor our commitments we have made to the Vietnamese people ever since 1954Show MoreRelatedMarketing Research on Red Bull Energy Drink in Vietnam Market1512 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Research on Red Bull Energy Drink in Vietnam Market – World Essay 1 – Objective: Nowadays, energy drink’s becoming an important part in food market holding great number of consumer in the world as well as in Vietnam. Thinking about high energy drink branches, many customers think about a popular name: Red bull. How successful this branch is, the way they develop their mark and how was they cared in Vietnam’s market. Everything related with Red bull will explained in this research. 2 -Read MoreExecutive Summary : The Coffee Industry 918 Words   |  4 Pagestotal of every sale made utilizing the service. A literature review was constructed, with information on global and local markets, trends, and major production blocks among other relevant information. Paired with the literature, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted, 13 of the interviews were conducted with USA respondents, member of the platforms target market. Respondents were briefed on the venture, and the market at the beginning of each interview. Following the brief, their purchasingRead MoreFrederick W Smiths Tenure at the FedEx Corporation: An Analysis1089 Words   |  4 Pagesdelivery business. II-Analysis-Literature Review-Biography Fred Smith, is the founder CEO of FedEx, the first overnight express delivery company in the world, and the largest in the nation. To really grasp the concepts that he used in the formation and launch of the company, we really should examine the story in his own words. A former Marine Aviation pilot in Vietnam, Smith founded Federal Express. In 1973, the company began offering service to cities, beginning with small packages and documentsRead More Howard Zinns A Review of A People’s History of The United States1212 Words   |  5 Pages A Review of A People’s History of The United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A People’s History of the United States concentrates on the personal experiences and struggles of people who lived in the United States from 1492-present. It is a view of history from the common man’s perspective, rather than the view of the leaders and upper class of this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book revolves around the views of history from the oppressed point of view. Howard Zinn makes it clear from the beginning thatRead MoreHistorical Background Of The American And Vietnamese Stock Markets Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket, which comprises various stock exchanges, plays a leading role in the function of the financial market (Dziawgo, 2012, p.60). Since there are a great number of issues such as stock market crashes and the bursting of other financial bubbles, Vietnam still has a number of crucial challenges to attend to. In this research project, the researcher will outline the historical background of the American and Vietnamese Stock markets, and investigate the major differences between the HSX and NYSE, inRead MoreThe Social Imagination of Forrest Gump1653 Words   |  7 Pagessociety in which we live. (Hughes/Kroehler, The Core, p. 7) One event in the movie that really stands out to me as a good example of sociological imagination is Forrests stay at the Watergate Hotel. While recovering from a wound received in the Vietnam War, Forrest discovered and developed an outstanding talent for playing table tennis. Due to his exceptional table tennis skills, Forrest was called to Washington, D.C., and recognized as the Player of the Year. He went to the White House to receiveRead More Television and Its Imapact on Society Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, the first realistically working television was made possible by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in the 1940s. These televisions were exceptionally expensive, consequently only the affluent members of society had access to them. It was only in 1960 beginning with the presidential election that the television became fashionable to the common public. From that moment on, television has had an immense impact on nearly every facet of our social order, from political affai rs to child behavior. This paperRead MoreTechnology And Information Warfare During World War II1034 Words   |  5 Pageswill briefly review the previous researches; it attempts to provide a common definition of information warfare. Then, it will describe the characteristics of information warfare; the essay will look at the actual examples in the world. Finally, the essay will discuss and analysis the influence of information warfare and the development potential; it will discuss the applying effects of information warfare in the war, and the political impact of information warfare. Literature Review Many scholarsRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy Policies Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesStates. Outstanding assertions like the policies of Monroe, intercontinental encounters such as the Second World War, War of the Spanish and Americans, and the cold war and also conflicts that were termed as local including the Korean War and the Vietnam War considerably shaped the American foreign policy (Kissinger et al., 1969). The recent occurrences such as the 11th September 2001, epitomized the important exogenous watershed which influenced the American Government’s foreign policy decision-Read MoreWomen s Army Auxiliary Corps886 Words   |  4 PagesChloe Williams Ms.Pfaltzgraf American World Literature 3 May 2015 Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps It was 1941, before the United States was involved in World War II, Ovata Hobby was asked by General David Searles to organize the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps. When Hobby first received the offer, she wanted to decline the offer but would ultimately take and develop into a part of history that will never be forgotten (Collins, 4). These great women that served in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)

Various Determined Comparative Conditions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Various Determined Comparative Conditions? Answer: Introducation The concept of ordinary income are dealt by the provisions of Subdivision 6-5(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. Various sums determined in comparative conditions would be incorporated into assessable wage by means of the statutory income arrangements. There are three segments of common salary such as Pay from individual effort (eg. compensation and wages), Wage from property (eg. lease, profits, intrigue) and Wage from carrying on a business (eg. Retail deals, cultivating)[1]. Subdivision 6-25 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 explicitly tries to elucidate the request in which salary is to be surveyed on the off chance that it is assessable under more than one arrangement. In this way, if this arrangement is to apply, it will be vital to know whether the sum being referred to is "common salary" or "statutory wage"[2]. The extent of statutory salary is set out in division of 6-10 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. This area is a piece of the meaning of assessable pay and is said to "characterize" statutory pay. Assessable salary includes: (1) Your assessable salary likewise incorporates a few sums that are not ordinary pay. (2) Amounts that are not ordinary wage, but rather are incorporated into your assessable salary by arrangements about assessable wage, are called statutory wage. (3) If a sum would be statutory wage separated from the way that you have not gotten it, it winds up plainly statutory salary when it is connected or managed in any capacity for your benefit or as you coordinate. (4) If you are not an Australian inhabitant, your assessable pay incorporates: (a) statutory salary from all Australian sources; and (b) Other statutory salary that an arrangement incorporates into assessable pay on some premise other than having a Australian source. In the event that a sum is not standard salary, it might be statutory wage. Statutory wage is a sum the law particularly incorporates into assessable pay. The current Act does not explicitly recognize the ideas of normal wage and statutory salary, despite the fact that they are understood in the Act. Therefore as per the given case, the $50,000 received by Melissa constitutes Statutory income which she earned as a part of her job contract and the $4000 which she received is a ordinary income as per the taxation legislation of Australia. Answer to Problem Capital Gains Tax (CGT) about a tax collection framework that generally applies to the capital increase made on transfer of any advantage, beside from particular exclusions. One of the most critical exceptions is the family home. Rollover arrangement applies to a few transfers; a standout amongst the most noteworthy is exchanges to recipients on death, so that the Capital Gain Tax (CGT) is not a semi-passing obligation. CGT works by having net increases regarded as assessable wage in the duty year an advantage is sold or generally discarded. On the off chance that a benefit is held for no less than 1 year, any pick up is first reduced by half for singular citizens, or by 33.3% for superannuation reserves. Capital misfortunes can be counter balanced against capital picks up, and net capital misfortunes in a duty year might be conveyed forward uncertainly. Capital misfortunes cannot be balanced against ordinary pay[3]. The law is surrounded in order to apply to all benefits, with the exception of those particularly exempted. It applies both to resources possessed mostly and to a halfway enthusiasm for an advantage, and to both substantial and immaterial resources. The present exceptions are, in estimated request of noteworthiness[4], Any advantage procured before 20 September 1985, known as a pre-CGT resource. In any case, a benefit loses its pre-CGT status if generous changes are made to it (e.g. significant increments to a building), or on the demise of the first proprietor[5]. The house, unit, and all that matters, which is the citizen's primary habitation, and up to the initial 2 hectares of nearby land, utilized for local purposes. This exception is for the most part seen as being for politically prevalent reasons, as operations to monetary reasons (e.g. creator and statistician Nicholas Renton takes that view) Individual utilize resources, obtained for up to $10,000. This incorporates pontoons, furniture, electrical gear, and so forth., which are for individual utilize. Things typically sold as a set must be dealt with together for as far as possible. Capital misfortune produced using an individual utilize resource (s108-20(1)ITAA19 any capital misfortune you make from an individual utilize resource is dismissed). Collectables obtained for up to $500. This incorporates workmanship, gems, stamps, and so forth. It was held for individual pleasure. Things regularly sold as a set must be dealt with as a set for as far as possible. On the off chance that collectables in some cases ascend in esteem then this exclusion can be favourable position to a citizen gathering little things[6]. Autos and other little engine vehicles, for example, cruisers ("little" being a conveying limit under 1 ton and under 9 travellers). Since autos ordinarily decrease in esteem this exclusion is really a drawback. In any case, the exclusion applies even to collectible or collectible vehicles, on the off chance that they ascend in esteem then the exception is favourable position.Pay for a word related damage, or for individual damage or ailment of oneself or a relative. (In any case, pay for rupture of agreement is liable to CGT.) Life coverage strategies surrendered or sold by the first holder. Such picks up are rather exhausted as conventional pay (when held for under 10 years). An outsider who purchases such a strategy will be liable to CGT as on a standard speculation however. Rewards or misfortunes from betting. Bonds and notes sold at a markdown (counting zero-coupon bonds) and "conventional securities" (certain enthusiasm bearing notes convertible to shares). Additions and misfortunes from these go under normal pay charge. Awards and designs for boldness and valour, gave they are obtained to no (monetary) taken a toll. Offers in a pooled improvement support. A pooled improvement subsidize is an exceptional structure with rules encouraging endeavour financing. Certain other qualified funding speculations are excluded from CGT as well. Instalments under specific assigned government plans, for instance different industry rebuilding plans. To fit the bill for the Small Business Capital Gains Tax (CGT) concessions, you should fulfil a few conditions that are normal to every one of the concessions. These are known as the 'essential conditions'. The greater part of the concessions likewise has assist prerequisites that you should fulfil for the particular admission to apply. Take after the means underneath to decide if you fulfil the essential conditions[7]. These conditions do not have any significant bearing to the independent company rebuild rollover, which is not one of the four CGT concessions and has diverse qualification criteria for instance, it has a higher turnover confine[8]. Certain steps are to be followed in this respect: One should first fulfil one of the accompanying fact that an independent venture element with an amassed turnover of under $2 million don't bear on business (other than as an accomplice). It has also been stated that the CGT resource is utilized as a part of a business carried on by an independent venture substance that is a member or an element associated with the business (latently held resources). An accomplice in a private venture association that is a private venture element is not an enthusiasm for an association resource (accomplice's benefits) yet is utilized as a part of the matter of the organization you fulfil the most extreme net resource esteem test[9]. The benefit being referred to must fulfil the dynamic resource test. This progression is relevant if the CGT resource is an offer in which an organization or enthusiasm for a trust. In such situation, one of these extra essential conditions must be fulfilled just before the CGT occasion. The element asserting the concession must be a CGT concession partner in the organization or trust. CGT concession partners in the organization or trust together have a private venture support rate in the substance guaranteeing the concession of no less than 90% (the 90% test). Therefore, Julie has no options for getting exemptions either under the capital gains Tax or Small Business Capital Gains Concession. Therefore. Julie has to pay tax at a normal rate at which any other ordinary people of the country pay[10]. Should Australia raised the GST rate or not: The Australian tax system is very unclear and both the Income Tax and the Goods and Services Tax (GST) do not look into the strengths and demolish the fairness and efficiency of the tax system in the country. The government has tried to achieve fairness through an ineffective GST policy which is also not efficient. The GST and the tax system have always benefited the richer section of the country, which is not at all fair and equal. On the other hand, the Income Tax is also not fair in the context of unjustifiable exemptions to the one of the sections of the community[11]. Australian tax system is not as efficient as the common people of the country expected it. Tax system in Australia has been implemented to a limited and uneven manner and deprives the rights of the common people of the country. Goods tax system should always focus on the fairness and effectiveness of the tax system where the taxpayers should be capable to pay taxes and the consumption taxes should pay an efficient tax player in the economy. The common people of the country expects the GST should be efficient as well as fair to achieve its objectives but it is found that neither it is fair nor it is effective in the implementation of tax system in the country. As per the survey report of the PWC modelling, it shows the relative tax revenue from the year 2009-2020 and it shows that more than 40% of the top earning population of the country will have to pay an extra of $8.8bn if the GST is applied to food, education and health. It has also been showed that if the rate of GST is raised t o 15%, the revenue will exceed by $36.0bn. The government of the country can use this revenue and decrease the personal tax rate and shall eliminate the inefficient taxes on insurance and fund for health services. Therefore, the PWC modelling shows that the compensation for the low to middle-income earners will have less impact on the percentage increase in the rate of GST[12]. In the present expense change discuss, the GST and individual salary charge are in some cases saw as elective income raising choices. While NSW Premier Mike Baird advocates an expansion in the GST to 15 for each penny to meet wellbeing subsidizing needs, his Victorian partner, Premier Daniel Andrews, favours raising the Medicare collect for this reason. At the Federal political level, the Opposition focuses its consideration on the GST, contending that any change would be backward. It is generally noiseless regarding the matter of wage charge. The Federal Government, in differentiate, features the malicious impacts of section crawl yet up to this point made light of the prospects of GST change. Great approach configuration expects us to consider how these expenses can best cooperate as key building squares of our more extensive expense framework. The individual wage impose framework and the GST raise 66% of the income gathered by the Federal Government (the GST, on benefit of the states) and have the best effect on individual decisions. On the off chance, that we need to convey income for administrations and accomplish reasonableness in the most effective way that is available[13]. The GST is ineffectively suited to accomplish reasonableness. While GST exclusions advantage low salary workers, all, paying little heed to their pay, delight in them. Exceptions are ineffectively focused on thus financially inefficient advantages. For different territories of welfare, including annuities and family instalments, we apply implies tests to constrain access to people with genuine need. The OECD perceives Australia as having a much directed welfare system, but this teach is not reflected in the plan of the GST. High wage workers spend more cash, in outright terms, on presently GST absolved things than low wage workers. At the point when GST is connected, hence, extra assessments paid by the previous will surpass the pay required by the last mentioned. Our displaying demonstrates that in 2019-2020, the best 40 for every penny of pay workers would pay an additional $8.8bn if the GST was connected to sustenance, training and wellbeing. On the off chance that the rate was ra ised to 12.5 for every penny with this more extensive base, an extra $22.4bn would be raised. With a 15 for every penny rate and this more extensive base, the figure would be $36.0bn. Every one of these figures are net of pay for the last 60 for every penny of families. For this reason, a dynamic pay charge is perceived as forcing higher financial expenses than a wide based utilization assess[14]. The GST's quality, when exacted on an expansive base, is proficiency. A wide based GST will limit twisting of utilization choices. While it will antagonistically influence work impetuses by bringing down genuine wages), its financial expenses are relied upon to be lower than those of a dynamic pay charge are[15]. The disadvantage of a GST, obviously, is its backward impact without remuneration. We ought to likewise perceive that some sans GST things, for example, instruction and wellbeing administrations are given by open and private suppliers, with a significant part of the freely gave administrations not subject to a charge. While it is genuine low-to-centre workers, who expend secretly gave administrations would be adjusted, there is a danger of changing to open administrations if GST is imposed[16]. The key point is that both decency and proficiency can be enhanced if our dynamic wage duty and GST concentrate on their relative qualities. Our dynamic wage duty can likewise be moved forward. Sensible concerns exist about whether our own expense framework is adequately progressive. These worries support, in expansive part, calls for tax reductions related with capital additions, negative outfitting and superannuation to be downsized. It is additionally reflected in bolster for "Smorgasbord s tyle" charges[17]. These changes, setting aside their approach merits, are proposed to enhance vertical value and group trust in the expense framework[18]. Income contemplations, but rather their backers point to these benefits does not essentially spur them too. There is nothing conflicting in having a more dynamic individual expense framework and building up an expansive based, productive GST. Given these expenses are focussed on their individual qualities, an extensive variety of effectiveness and reasonableness results can be accomplished[19]. In his 1975, point of interest impose survey, Ken Asprey contended for a reasonable division of work between our dynamic salary charge and the GST that he recommended. The most powerful expense strategy survey directed as of late, led by Nobel Prize winning financial analyst James Mirrlees, arrived at a similar conclusion. Merles calls attention to that: At the point when backhanded tax assessment is considered in separation, and when ther e are concerns for value, there appears to be a solid case for separating charge rates to offer assistance low-wage families by forcing lower charges on merchandise that they expend excessively. Nevertheless, backhanded charges ought not to be considered in disconnection from whatever is left of the assessment and welfare framework. Where the legislature can demand a dynamic salary assessment and pay welfare benefits that change with individuals' needs and attributes, this will largely demonstrate a considerably more viable methods for meeting its value objectives. Remuneration has dependably been a piece of change outlines. Remunerating lower wageworkers for GST changes are reasonable and reliable with long-established approach rehearse in this nation. Duty change will force costs on various parts of the group. In the event that the changes guarantee adequate monetary and social additions, governments have dependably been set up to adjust the individuals who are unfavourably influe nced[20]. While perspectives will vary on how liberal remuneration ought to be, the rule behind it is not challenged. For sure, remuneration, in help of financial change, is a staple of sound open strategy in Australia Reference: Abraham, Mathew, Mike Dempsey, and Alastair Marsden. "Dividend reinvestment plans: a tax-based incentive under the Australian imputation tax system." (2015). Alley, Clinton, Duncan Bentley, and Simon James. "Politics and tax reform: A comparative analysis of the implementation of a broad-based consumption tax in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom."Revenue Law Journal24.1 (2014): 52. Berger, Lynette Louise.Bitcoin exchange transactions: Income tax implications to consider within the South African environment. Diss. 2016. Burman, Leonard E.The labyrinth of capital gains tax policy: A guide for the perplexed. Brookings Institution Press, 2014. Davidson, Peter, Cassandra Goldie, and Ro Evans. "Tax: Are we paying our fair share? The effects of the current tax mix on contributions to the tax system."ACOSS Papers(2015): 18. Edmonds, Richard. "Structural tax reform: What should be brought to the table."Austl. Tax F.30 (2015): 393. Forsyth, Peter, et al. "The impacts of Australia's departure tax: Tourism versus the economy?."Tourism Management40 (2014): 126-136. Graetz, Michael J. "Can a 20th Century Business Income Tax Regime Serve a 21st Century Economy."Austl. Tax F.30 (2015): 551. Graetz, Michael J., and Alvin C. Warren. "Integration of corporate and shareholder taxes." (2016). Groenewegen, Peter D.Public Finance in Australia: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall of Australia, 2014. Grubert, Harry, and Rosanne Altshuler. "Shifting the Burden of taxation from the Corporate to the perSonal level and getting the Corporate tax rate down to 15 perCent." (2016). Howard, Peter F., and Robert L. Brown. "Dividend policy and capital structure under the imputation tax system: some clarifying comments."Accounting Finance32.1 (2016): 51-61. Hunter, Lea. "The" Tampon Tax": Public Discourse of Policies Concerning Menstrual Taboo."Hinckley Journal of Politics17 (2016). Joumard, Isabelle, Mauro Pisu, and Debbie Bloch. "4. INCOME REDISTRIBUTION VIA TAXES AND TRANSFERS."Income Inequality in OECD Countries: What are the Drivers and Policy Options?. World Scientific, 2014. 85-134. Keen, Michael. "Targeting, cascading and indirect tax design."Indian Growth and Development Review7.2 (2014): 181-201. Lally, Martin, and Tony Van Zijl. "Capital gains tax and the capital asset pricing model."Accounting Finance43.2 (2015): 187-210. Martin, Fiona. "To Be, Or Not to Be, a Charity: That Is the Question for Prescribed Bodies Corporate under the Native Title Act."Deakin L. Rev.21 (2016): 25. Peiros, Katerina, and Christine Smyth. "Successful succession: Tax treatment of executor's commission."Taxation in Australia51.7 (2017): 394. Potter, Michael.The case against tax increases in Australia: The growing burden. Centre for Independent Studies, 2016. Ramli, Rosiati, et al. "Compliance costs of Goods and Services Tax (GST) among small and medium enterprises."Jurnal Pengurusan45 (2015): 39-48. Richardson, Grant, and Roman Lanis. "Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia."Journal of Accounting and Public Policy26.6 (2013): 689-704. Sawyer, A. J. "GST Reform: Can New Zealand Offer Constructive Guidance to Inform the Australian Debate?." (2014). Schulman, Craig T., et al. "Effects of tax integration and capital gains tax on corporate leverage."National Tax Journal(2013): 31-54. Sharma, Anurag, Brian Vandenberg, and Bruce Hollingsworth. "Minimum pricing of alcohol versus volumetric taxation: which policy will reduce heavy consumption without adversely affecting light and moderate consumers?."PLoS One9.1 (2014): e80936. [1] Graetz, Michael J., and Alvin C. Warren. "Integration of corporate and shareholder taxes." (2016). [2] Grubert, Harry, and Rosanne Altshuler. "Shifting the Burden of taxation from the Corporate to the perSonal level and getting the Corporate tax rate down to 15 perCent." (2016). [3] Schulman, Craig T., et al. "Effects of tax integration and capital gains tax on corporate leverage."National Tax Journal(2013): 31-54. [4] Schulman, Craig T., et al. "Effects of tax integration and capital gains tax on corporate leverage."National Tax Journal(2013): 31-54. [5] Howard, Peter F., and Robert L. Brown. "Dividend policy and capital structure under the imputation tax system: some clarifying comments."Accounting Finance32.1 (2016): 51-61. [6] Richardson, Grant, and Roman Lanis. "Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates and tax reform: Evidence from Australia."Journal of Accounting and Public Policy26.6 (2013): 689-704. [7] Lally, Martin, and Tony Van Zijl. "Capital gains tax and the capital asset pricing model."Accounting Finance43.2 (2015): 187-210. [8] Groenewegen, Peter D.Public Finance in Australia: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall of Australia, 2014. [9] Hunter, Lea. "The" Tampon Tax": Public Discourse of Policies Concerning Menstrual Taboo."Hinckley Journal of Politics17 (2016). [10] Keen, Michael. "Targeting, cascading and indirect tax design."Indian Growth and Development Review7.2 (2014): 181-201. [11] Ramli, Rosiati, et al. "Compliance costs of Goods and Services Tax (GST) among small and medium enterprises."Jurnal Pengurusan45 (2015): 39-48. [12] Sharma, Anurag, Brian Vandenberg, and Bruce Hollingsworth. "Minimum pricing of alcohol versus volumetric taxation: which policy will reduce heavy consumption without adversely affecting light and moderate consumers?."PLoS One9.1 (2014): e80936. [13] Edmonds, Richard. "Structural tax reform: What should be brought to the table."Austl. Tax F.30 (2015): 393. [14] Davidson, Peter, Cassandra Goldie, and Ro Evans. "Tax: Are we paying our fair share? TheAnswer to Problems of the current tax mix on contributions to the tax system."ACOSS Papers(2015): 18. [15] Forsyth, Peter, et al. "The impacts of Australia's departure tax: Tourism versus the economy?." Tourism Management40 (2014): 126-136. [16] Alley, Clinton, Duncan Bentley, and Simon James. "Politics and tax reform: A comparative analysis of the implementation of a broad-based consumption tax in New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom."Revenue Law Journal24.1 (2014): 52. [17] Potter, Michael.The case against tax increases in Australia: The growing burden. Centre for Independent Studies, 2016. [18] Graetz, Michael J. "Can a 20th Century Business Income Tax Regime Serve a 21st Century Economy."Austl. Tax F.30 (2015): 551. [19] Joumard, Isabelle, Mauro Pisu, and Debbie Bloch. "4. INCOME REDISTRIBUTION VIA TAXES AND TRANSFERS."Income Inequality in OECD Countries: What are the Drivers and Policy Options?. World Scientific, 2014. 85-134. [20] Sawyer, A. J. "GST Reform: Can New Zealand Offer Constructive Guidance to Inform the Australian Debate?." (2014).

Why You Need a Freelance Writing Niche (And How to Find One)

Companies in all industries need high-quality content in order to promote their business online. For freelance writers, this is good news. Because there is no shortage in content needs, you can write about just about any topic you’re interested in. However, if you’re trying to be a writer for everyone, it can hurt your freelance writing career. In order to truly start taking off as a professional freelance writer, you need to find your niche. Having a niche as a freelance writer can actually help improve your business and allow you to start making more money. While narrowing down your scope may cause you to push some potential clients away, having a clearly defined niche can open up new doors and present you with new opportunities. If you’re serious about becoming a freelance writer, it’s time you found a niche. Let’s take a deeper look into why a freelance writing niche is so important and what you can do to find yours. The Importance of a Freelance Writing Niche As a freelance writer, it can feel tempting to take any job that is offered to you – especially when you’re just starting out. However, it can be difficult to market yourself this way. In order to land high-quality clients, you need to show that you understand the unique challenges and needs of that industry. When you’re trying to appeal to business leaders and companies in all industries, it can be difficult to reach any prospects at all. Instead of making genuine connections with clients, you end up making surface-level introductions that rarely lead to high-paying projects. How to Choose Your Freelance Writing Niche For some freelance writers, the niche they fall into seems obvious. If you have experience in a particular field, such as healthcare or finance, it may seem natural to write about those topics. However, if you don’t have a clear niche, you can take a look at the topics you’re interested in. Many freelance writers find their niche simply by writing articles on topics they enjoy, such as their hobbies. You can also choose your freelance writing niche based on need. If you see that a particular industry has a high need for content writers, entering that space can help you gain more clients and jumpstart your career. When trying to find your niche, feel free to focus on a few different areas at once. As you begin to learn more about the industries you serve, the clients you connect with, and your skills, you may find that your niche changes. It’s okay to adjust your strategy to fit with the changing times. Conclusion If you’re trying to market your services to everyone and anyone that will listen, you’re going to find it is more difficult to make a name for yourself as a freelance writer. However, when you find a profitable niche that you enjoy, you’re able to build your authority and presence in that space.

Work At Home and Be Your Own Boss an Example by

Work At Home and Be Your Own Boss How long have you been out of work? Or if you are at work, are you the traditional eight to five office worker or the non-traditional entrepreneur, who works wherever and whenever the job requires you? If you the traditional, 40-hrs a week professional, how much time do you really have to spend from home to work and back? And how much time have you really been productive? Do you like being pushed around and told what to do every single waking hour of the day? Are you satisfied at how things are in the office: with the bundy clock that tells you that you should have been 10 minutes earlier so that your pay slip would not have been deducted even a single cent? Or just having to be with people that you do not really want to be working with around? How about the paper works that file up on your table that needs to be finished by the days end or else you will be reprimanded by your boss? What about last week when you have to do somebody elses job on top of what you are already doing just because you have just come in a week or so and new employees are treated that way? Need essay sample on "Work At Home and Be Your Own Boss" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my familySpecialists suggest: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic SuccessCustom Writing Service Cheap Custom Writing Service Custom Writing Reviews Best Essay Writing Service What about the daily commutes? How many times have you got to wake up earlier than usual even if it is a Monday morning and you have just had a long night with your sick baby? Or consider the stench of other travelers you smell while on board a PUB since you still cant afford to buy a car of your own.well, even if you have your own car, you cant drive it today since your plate number ends with a number that is not allowed to travel for that particular day. Have you missed an important event because you have to stay over time to finish a paper thats due on the same day as that special day of one of your kids? On the other hand, if you are the non-traditional employee, have you ever thought of having to do a job where you wont be pushed around and told where and when to be at a specific time? Or has it crossed your mind if there are other opportunities where you could do the things you like most, whenever and wherever you areeven in your pajamas? These are just some of the questions that this book will answer. Practical tips on where and how you may start working at home, where you can manage your time and your resources and at the same time enjoy what you do. Readers will learn how to earn using his computer and his spare time to generate monthly income. Content Outline: Acknowledgement Introduction Chapter I Turn your PC into a money-making machine Chapter II Consider Your Work Attitude (What kind of person are you? Are you are writer? If a writer, would you rather be a fiction or a non-fiction writer? Or are you apt to working repetitive jobs? Would you consider networking instead? Or would you rather try your hands on multiple online businesses? What about investing? Does this appeal to you?) Chapter III Transform your thoughts into words: A Practical Guide To Article Writing; Some online sites that offer pay-per-visit; Online-Article Submission Companies Chapter IV Blog for Profit (Practical Tips for Starters, Pay-Per-Blog sites) Chapter V Research Writing: Earn While You learn (What is research writing?; What are the benefits of research writing?; Practical guide for research writers; Online companies offering careers on research writing) Chapter VI Teach Online (Is there any subject you feel comfortable sharing with others? Impart knowledge, meet people and earn at the same time. Includes tips on online teaching) Chapter VI I Receive Pay-Per-Post (Earn as you socialize and talk about anything under the sun; Guide when doing pay-per post; sample pay-per-post sites) Chapter VIII Low Yield (LYOI) vs. High Yield Online Investment (HYOI) (What these are? What are the pros and cons? List of online companies offering LYOI and HYOI) Chapter VIX General Guidelines in looking for the most profitable and best suited work at home opportunities CONCLUSION Book Description: Work At Home and Be Your Own Boss addresses one of the most common concerns but least given consideration by a lot of people (those working, those out of work due to physical condition, stay-at-home moms or dads, college drop outs, retirees), that is the work alternative that gives one the pleasure of working at home. This is intended to be written in an 80-100 pages coffee-table type book. Market Description: To be written for the benefit of a variety of employees and non-employed. Even those who are still in college who might want to earn extra will also find this book not just entertaining but profitable as well. Colleges that might find this book significant and include this to its current syllabus includes but not limited to the following (English Department for the chapters on writing and Business Administration for the articles on e-commerce) Author Description: A work at home mom who spends most of her time with her three-year old child. She is also a former college instructor who taught Communication subjects. She also had prior experience in radio and also had experience working for government agencies as well as for a foreign-based company engaged in marketing and distribution of computer-related products. Reference: Laine, Amy, How To Work At Home Without Paying Fees, Retrieved March 10, 2009

Experiment Techniques Essays - Laboratory Equipment, Free Essays

Experiment Techniques Essays - Laboratory Equipment, Free Essays INTRODUCTION The purpose of this experiment is, first and foremost, to familiarize you with the operation of the analytical balance. Because all analytical determinations are (directly or indirectly) based on the measurement of mass, learning the correct balance technique is vital to the success of your experiments. Additionally, you will use the balance to demonstrate the need to dry samples and standards prior to analysis. Among the techniques, analytical technique stands out as a practically versatile, useful and important skills that have be learn by every students. Analytical skills is comprised of qualitative and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis deals with finding out which substances are in analytical sample and quantitative analysis determines how much of each substance is in the sample. Analytical techniques analysis has many applications in industry, medicine, biochemistry, physiology, geology, oceanography, and environmental science. In addition, analytical techniques teaches special skills and techniques which have relevance for physicians, engineers, and many other professionals. Micropipettes are used to measure and deliver accurate volumes of liquid. The difference between the two is that micropipettes measure a much smaller volume, starting at 1 microliter . Micropipettes are used in various laboratories, including microbiology, environmental sciences , medical, academic, and research labs . Basically, micropipettes come in three different sizes of varying capacity. They are P20, P200 and P1000. The sizes are noted on the top of the plunger button . Size Micropipette Range of volumes measured P20 0.5-20l , P200 20-200l , P1000 100-1000l . Liquids are never drawn directly into the shaft of the pipette. Instead, disposable plastic tips are are attached to the shaft. There are two sizes of tips. The larger blue tips are used for the P1000. The smaller clear tips are used for the P20 and P200. Micropipetting is an important skill that plays a very active and critical role in the molecular biology laboratory. It is imperative for a person handling micropipettor to know the correct way of using it so that accurate and precise results are achieved. A spectrometer is any instrument used to probe a property of light as a function of its portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically its wavelength, frequency, or energy. The property being measured is usually intensity of light, but other variables like polarization can also be measured. The first step in this process is to direct light through a fiber optic cable into the spectrometer through a narrow aperture known as an entrance slit. The slit vignettes the light as it enters the spectrometer. In most spectrometers, the divergent light is then collimated by a concave mirror and directed onto a grating. The grating then disperses the spectral components of the light at slightly varying angles, which is then focused by a second concave mirror and imaged onto the detector. Alternatively, a concave holographic grating can be used to perform all three of these functions simultaneously. This alternative has various advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed in more detail later on. Mass spectrometry (MS), arguably the most important analytical spectroscopic tool of modern times, because It is used to understand the fundamental atomic and molecular processes and at the same time t hose of immediate relevance to events within cells. As a technique, it helps to control processes in chemical and biological industries, diagnose diseases, discover new drugs, protect the environment and explore mysteries of nature. An analytical balance is so sensitive that it can detect the mass of a single grain of a chemical substance. Thus, if a method of direct weighing is used, the substance ought to be added to the tared container which will hold it, NEVER directly to the pan or even to weighing paper placed on the pan. The container used should be completely dry and at room temperature, never at an elevated or reduced temperature. Even slight temperature differences can produce APPARENT changes in mass of the container. Finally, the container ought to be completely dry, inside and out. All that having been said, here are some images showing various correct ways of carrying out weighings using an analytical balance. Laboratory balances are important for both resolution and a ccuracy. Conclusion While using some lab instruments such as micropipette, balances and spectrometry , accurate and

Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Accounting - Assignment Example b) If we were to compare the 2013 Income Statement with the 2013 Statement, we would find that Helen Harris Handbags had a decline in profitability of  £69127. Various reasons can be outlined for this decline in profits. Some reasons can be identified through an Income Statement others may be issues affecting the business such as increase in competition, recession in the markets etc. However, looking at the Income statement alone, we can see a sharp increase in Marketing Expenses of the year 2013, as well as a slight fall in Total Sales. Other expenses have increased as well, but marginally. As total sales have fallen, inventory has gone up. The fall total Sales might be matter of concern for the business, especially since Marketing Expenses have increased. a) The Balance Sheet of a business is used to show the â€Å"net worth† of a company at a given point of time. (e-conomic(UK), 2014). It is particularly useful in monitoring the health of the company that is what the business owes and what it is owed. The Assets and Liabilities are the two main sections in a Balance Sheet and are always equal. The Balance Sheet is divided into two parts as mentioned above, and into various sub parts which include Fixed Assets, Working Capital, Current Assets, Equity or Shareholders Stake (which includes any profit/loss and drawings) b) In the case of Helen Harris Handbags, Inventory has increased, that has been the result of fall in Sales (discussed earlier). However, a matter of concern is a huge increase in Bank Overdrafts from 2012, in 2013. This tells us that business has increased its debts considerably since last year. There is an increase in the Debtors as well. a) The purpose of the Cash Flow Statement is to evaluate the cash inflows and outflows of a business during a financial period. (e-conomic(UK), 2014). The main avenues of Cash Inflows and Outflows can be described in

Comparing hiring and promotions based on Afirmative Actioin against Term Paper

Comparing hiring and promotions based on Afirmative Actioin against senority system - Term Paper Example Guadalupe Alegria was working in a poultry farm since the past twelve years and was a valued employee who was promoted to a managerial position temporarily. Although this had to last for two weeks, it stretched over a year due to which she had to put in extra hours without pay which left her few hours to spend with her friends and family. Later she discovered that she will be given a permanent position and she will also have to train a new manager because of which she is looking for another job. Another example is of Porter Douglas, who was a long term farm mechanic and he expected that he will be promoted to the position of a supervisor. However, an outsider got that job which left him disappointed because of which her job performance was affected and eventually he stopped putting up efforts in his work. (Bailey, Netting & Perlmutter, 2000). The loss of morale and the negative impact on productivity cannot be anticipated by the farmers when such organizational actions take place. Ho wever, an employee feels rejected which leads to dissatisfaction and they feel resentful because of the treatment they receive from the company and various questions come in their minds. In the case of Guadalupe Alegria, she wanted to know the reason why she was made a manager for so long and why was she told that she has been doing a good job when she wasn’t and why is she being replaced by someone else. After Porter was passed over for his promotion, he felt that his boss used an affirmative action trick when he hired a woman for the position of a supervisor. However, even the employees who are promoted and those who are hired from outside the organization come across various challenges that they need to deal with and morale is less likely to drop in cases when the employees know the reason why the management has taken a decision. In cases when the employees are not consulted, difficulties arise. For instance, if an employee is promoted and is made to work with another empl oyee, she might feel punished than being rewarded and same is the case when an employee is promoted to a more difficult job. When making promotion decisions, some companies also focus on seniority and merit considerations while some select the outside applicants for a job without discussing it with the present personnel. (Barker, 2008). Seniority vs. Merit in Promotions The length of service of an employee in a particular position marks seniority and an individual who has worked with an organization for four years is senior than an individual who has worked for two or three years. However, merit refers to worth or excellence and since it is intangible, it is difficult to measure when compared to seniority. For promotion purposes, merit is measured by looking at the relevant qualifications and the past performance of an employee. Promotion by seniority An organization that follows a seniority system, the promotions are given on the basis of the length of service. Japanese companies m ostly follow this system in which an employee joins the organization at a low level after which he is promoted to higher levels. In this system, length of service is the main criteria of moving upwards. However, it counts only within specific work groups and job classifications differ from one group to another. In a farm, all the pickers, tractor drivers and hoers fall in one group while the

Reading Responses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading Responses - Assignment Example Further, her contentions that Clinton failed to gauge and evaluate the audience by not fitting the social norms were not appropriately substantiated. The audience would most predominantly be composed of both the male and female gender and the effectiveness of the speaker depends not solely on fitting the social norm, but in addressing the purpose of the speech that caters to the needs of the audience. The arguments that finally shift the blame to the American public for Clinton’s supposed failure as a rhetor was equally ludicrous. An effective rhetorical analysis should have used pathetic, logical and ethical appeals that are fair, objective and credible. Does it mean that because Clinton was manifesting her experience as a lawyer, expert, and advocate, she is already exhibiting a masculine speaking style? Do these roles and responsibilities only fit the male gender and render them befitting for

Case Study of Business Strategy Of Marks And Spencer

Case Study of Business Strategy Of Marks And Spencer Marks and Spencer is one of the biggest traders having inheritance of more than one hundred and twenty years. It has more than 895 stores in more than 40 regions all over the world. Its head office is in U.K, in the city of Westminster. Michael Marks from Slonim, Russia and Thomas Spencer a cashier from Yorkshire are the pioneers of this U.Ks biggest retailers. At Leeds (Kirkgate market) in 1884, Michael Marks started his own business by opening a penny bazaar stall. Then to develop his business he opened a shop at Manchester with the partnership of Thomas Spencer. H:st college assingmentsMS assingq no 51201445_MarksSpencerSheffieldHistory.jpg After the death of both the pioneers of the company Michael Marks Simon became the chairman of company while William Chapman took the helm until 1960. During the Era of Michael Simon Company touch the highest point .The business was floated as a public limited company after 10 years. In 1998 it was the first company of U.K who earned the profit of one billion pounds after tax deduction. Marks and Spencer prohibited smoke first time in store that later on became a legal offence to smoke at public places. Marks and Spencer mainly deals in Clothing, Home Ware, Food, Technology, Beauty, Financial Services, Energy and Hospitality. PLAN A: The Customers are becoming more conscious about natural and environmental issues, so for this Marks and Spencer launched plan A, which consists of 180 commitments to overcome the challenges. Many problems are related with Climate Change, Waste Reduction, Ethical Trading, Sustainable Raw Material and Health. To tackle these changes Marks and Spencer is doing much effort. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCAXD7DW8.jpg In March 2010 Marks and Spencer expanded plan A introduced 80 more commitments and added them up with the existing ones. In these commitments their primary focus is on climate changes, waste, natural resources, fair partner, health and well being. These five main pillars are described below: C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAV6T6WW.jpg CLIMATE CHANGE: Due to an increase in greenhouse gases produced by the human activities the earth is getting warmer day by day causing many damaging consequences. In 2006/07 Marks and Spencer cut their carbon emissions to 8% by reducing the usage of energy. Marks n Spencer also committed that up to 2015, they will improve their energy efficiency by 35%. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCA3FRFRV.jpg WASTE: Every year the U.K has to throw away 400 tonnes of waste that comes from construction, industry, households and discarded packaging. The waste that is not recycled ends up in landfill sites which take many years to decompose. Marks and Spencer claimed that in the year of 2009/10 they have achieved the recycling level to 88% while reducing the amount of waste to 16%.They have reduced the food waste by 29% as compared to the years 2006/07.Marks and Spencer collected 133 million clothes hangers and reused 76% of them and recycled the rest. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAM1CR39.jpg They have also recycled their construction waste up to 89%.Marks and Spencer are committed to do that by 2015 they want to landfill help their customers to recycle or reuse their packaging and products. They will also help their suppliers to reduce the waste and to gain zero rates as well. NATURAL RESORCES: In plan A Marks and Spencer aimed to get as much of their raw material from their natural resources as possible. It is the U.Ks first company who has signed the WWF sea food charter, with 62 % of their wild sea food. Marks Spencer also purchased Green palm certificate to cover all the palm oil to use their Marks and Spencer product. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCAG3OZ2S.jpg Fair Partner: Marks and Spencer has a vision that they are very strong in their communities and ensure good working conditions. Marks and Spencer has the lowest employee turnover rate in UK retail i.e. 14%.Marks and Spencer is offering competitive salaries, discount to their employees, bonuses and share save options to their employees. It provides different training programmes to the employees. Every employee has to undertake Marks Spencer Career Path Training and learning programmes .While the managers have to attend the different workshops to boost their capabilities. Marks and Spencer is trying to provide the best salary packages for the employees. C:UsersFaisalDesktopimagesCAF15VPV.jpg Health and Wellbeing: Unhealthy food is one of the main factors of many health problems. According to the part of the commitment of Plan A Marks and Spencer encouraged its customers and employees to get healthy and nutritious food by developing new product ranges. Marks and Spencer has launched online diet forums and health newsletters to allow active dialogue with the customers on nutrition and health. Marks and Spencer has removed artificial flavours and colours from all of its food products and soft drinks. It has also removed 90% of salt in its products. Very few of the products still does not meet the required standard of health and nutrition but Marks and Spencer is working hard to bring it in line according to the required standard. C:UsersFaisalPicturesimagesCACFVO3Z.jpg Analysis of the external environment: According to plan A Marks and Spencer has also taken into consideration the external environment of the company. External environment means the factors that directly or indirectly affect the internal function and perhaps business strategy and objectives as well. Most common factors of external environment are political, social, economic and technical. These factors are totally out of control of the organisation, but the company could be able to take some steps to overcome these challenges. Basically the external environment defines the competitive situation of an organisation and potentially can have both positive and negative impacts on businesses. Target analysis has four major categories of external factors that affect the companys capability to grow. Based on operation region, external environment is divided into three interactive segments which is remote, industrial and operational environment. External factors produce different influences on the companys productivity. On the ot her hand some influences are inter-linked with each other. For example information technology completely changed the way of work, customer behaviour and life style as well. Based on PEST analysis four major factors are going to be discussed in detail. Political Environment: Political stability in a country attracts the investors to do investment and that is a very key factor to grow business. Secondly, government trade policy, is either flexible or hard. Every organisation operates under the government policy about trade and within the legal frame work. The legal frame work covers many areas like tax rates, employees benefits, wage legislation, trade regulation and tariff. Suppliers, customers and competitors are also affected by the political environment. Economical Environment: Economic conditions also affect organisations external environment. In this regard some factors that influence business are tax rates, inflation, money supply, government need, economic growth rate and the tendency to spend at international and national level. Social Environment: In social context, normally Britain customers lean towards a specific product. In every transaction product quality matters a lot, but it could easily be beaten by offering lower pricing of the same brand. Some fresh analysis about Britains customers is that they prefer some fashionable styles over classic trends. This can be seen in Marks Spencers case because they are still struggling to get a bigger market share. This indicates that British buyers are very keen about their wealth. Technological Environment: Now a days a large number of the population is able to use the internet. It means that by using e-commerce many organisations can widen their horizons and do many more operations. This can be seen in foremost companies like Sainsbury, Tesco and ASDA as well. These days most of the trading and purchasing is done through the internet, and it has also become a competitive advantage of Marks and Spencer. Analysis of External Environment of MS: The U.K retail market is very eye-catching. The company has full support from the government. Because Marks Spencer has rich historic values and has become a very powerful organisation in the business world, new competitors are finding it very challenging to keep up with the quality of products and services that Marks Spencer provide. Analysis of the organisations internal environment and identification: In Plan A Marks and Spencer has taken internal analysis, which is also called SWOT analysis. This is a very important part of business development. SWOT analysis is a simple structure for generating strategic alternative from a situation analysis. SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. In late 1960, Edmund defined SWOT structure. Learned, C. Roland, Christiansen, Kenneth Andrews and William d Goth in Business Policy, Text and Cases (Homewood, IL; Irwin 1969).In the 1980s General Electric Growth Council used this form of analysis. Basically, it throws light on thecompanys strengths weaknesses. The strengths highlight the different aspects that bring results in market value and the weaknesses draw the attention to those areas which need improvements. SWOT analysis is fruitful where you have to tackle a complex situation in a limited time frame. Organisation of an effective strategy is based on a clear definition of the organizations mission. For the success of an organization it requires some necessary ingredients which are listed below: Strategy must be carefully verbalized, applied, manageable and accomplished. Internal analysis of the organisation is an essential part in the strategic planning process. During 2005-06 Marks and Spencer had seventy thousand employees globally. The Company changed the employees structure according to the nature of the customers that used the products and services of Marks Spencer. Marks and Spencer also pledge to promoting equal opportunities regardless of age, disability,race, views about politics, working hours and religion. Marks and Spencer arrange flexible working schedules for fatherhood, adoption and IVF treatment, child and career break to boost their employees uniformity. Marks and Spencer also runs Business Involvement Group (BIG), which is a work demonstration forum in all their stores and offices that inspire their work force to share information and develop discussion about the companys business. If we talk about salary and welfare, the company has some incentive packages that include fundamental fixed pay. As for training, in 2005-06 more than 102,000 days were fixed for training purpose in which Marks and Spencer try to develop inner aptitude and skill of their workers. Marks and Spencer proved that they have great concern about health and safety of their employees by providing a wide range of work related health services. The companys code of ethics is also developing to give guideline to their member concerning their responsibilities towards customers, workers, stockholders, dealers, societies, government and the environment. Identification of the major issues challenging Marks Spencer: Marks and Spencer is one of the UKs biggest traders, giving different services to their customers in the field of food, clothing, and house hold products. They tried at their best level to give good customer service at an affordable price, but it is not always very easy. Marks and Spencer are losing their trend towards the youngstersand their other opponents in the market are taking advantage of this weak point. This is the biggest challenge that Marks and Spencer is facing nowadays. To overcome this weak point Marks and Spencer is also taking steps to provide cheaper products to their customer, but for this they have to import their raw materials, which also lessen the Marks and Spencers image of British Goods Seller. Cards and cash methods have been used for payment since 2001. Marks and Spencer have seen very tough times during the period of recession, but now it seems as though everything is going back to normal. The companys thirteen weeks before the start of OCT (2010) was very hope full. Homeware made an astonishing growth in sales up to 7% and food stuff which was last year 3.6%, this year it increases up to 3.7%.The clothing section is also growing and is the most rapidly expanding sales item of Marks and Spencer. During the autumn the women shoes sales touched a record, which Marks and Spencer claims that it was because of their strong advertisement. External environment and the impact on the strategic direction of the organisation: Strategic direction means those incentives that a company adopts for the achievement of its target i.e. how to produce, develop and sell its products. Basically strategic direction is the planning that an organisation follows for the marketing of its products. Marks and Spencer introduced a plan that they named as PLAN A the purpose behind which is to become worlds most sustainable retailer. For the success of any organisation it is very necessary to keep an eye on the environmental changes that occurs outside the organisation. As these changes affect the strategy of any organisation, it has to alter its rules and regulations according to the environmental changes. There are four main external environmental factors that effect the strategic direction of any organisation. a) Political b) Economic c) Technological d) Social The political condition plays a vital role to put an impact on the strategy of an organisation as it refers to the government policies. If the government introduces new laws and the organisation has some policies or rules and regulations that conflicts with the existing government laws, it has to alter its rules and regulations and make them according to the governments policy. The change in the political condition can affects the strategic direction of the organisation as every government has its own policies and the organisation cannot work against the laws of the country. Economic condition has also a deep effect on the strategic direction of an organisation. The economic condition of any country has a deep rooted effect. It includes taxation rates, economic growth rate and capability to invest at national and international levels. The rapid change in technology is another factor that can affect the strategic direction of an organisation .With the passage of time new techniques and machines are coming up and it is very important to adopt new techniques for the development of a business. In the social environment the consumer plays a vital role to affect on the strategic direction of the organisation. The organisation has to provide the products and services according to the requirements of the consumer. The lifestyle trends, ethical issues, media views, law changes, buying access, brand, religion beliefs, demographics and fashion are the social factors that can affect the strategy of the organisation. What should the organisation do to achieve or maintain competitive advantage in its industries? Competitive advantage: A companys competitive advantages are the features that give permission to do best even in average industry extensive performance and free entry into the industry as a whole. Every company has some definite abilities which make it different from other companies in the same industries. It has some unique competences that cannot be replicated by the opponents. Many companies complete their management price by using effective use of skills to organise their jobs. One example of such a company is Marks and Spencer. This company use technology to locate their goods. The company also use technology to coordinate between different departments. It brings more proficiency and less expenditure, and as a result production cost is low. On -the-counter payment was also introduced by Marks Spencer. It was very beneficial for the company as they need only a small amount of employees, so as a result labour cost was minimized and profit margin were increased. Marks and Spencer with more than 100 years of experience have a competitive advantage over most of their counter parts, because the company earn the trust and reputation among the customers, their workers and suppliers. Their customers have an extensive collection and are fully confident about the companys products and services.They also get value for money as well. Marks and Spencer demonstrates a shared sense of doing things, with their strong inner structure that moves around permanent employment relationships and strong organisational routines. In the external environment Marks and Spencer fully focus on product specification and design to continue their relationship with the customer, which lasts for many years. As part of their business accountability the company has strong conservational and communal responsibilities. TSE Stated that Marks and Spencer use modern methods of management like consumer research, planning, personal management, product innovation, staff training and many more and has proved itself as a founder and outshined among all other companies (1985).Marks Spencer maintain a strong organisational structure that is run by comparatively normal employees who get excellent results over many years, although many changes have occured in the economic environment (1995). Although, over the recent years, due to the big recession the company has had to face downfalls in some of their retailing areas, but they have managed to overcome all their uncertain hurdles through flexibility, that their opponents view as unnerving. According to an analyst Terhi Halme (2008) ,Even though Marks and Spencer has carried out extensive reformation over the past years, the companys competitive advantage has not been fully revived, so the firm could be able to answerable to the current down turn in British retail market. The decline rate during the past few months has been increased in their food unit and as a result revenue has dropped. Because of this, the food sector is also losing its market share. The management have to step up marketing and promotional spending to protect the market share. Additionally the team confidence is also diminish because of changed management, and therefore not been able to generate sustainable improvements. It is possible that Asian and Middle East companies that are in search of western products will take a look at the market shares of Marks and Spencer as presenting buying opportunities at the present price, especially during this recession. Conclusion: Marks and Spencers main aim is to become the worlds most sustainable retailer by 2015. To achieve this target Marks and Spencer introduce Plan A in which it has highlighted five factors to achieve their business goal that is climate change, waste, sustainable raw material, fair partnership and health. There are some internal and external environmental factors that affect the business strategy of the organisation. Internal factors are under the control of the organisation that deals with the strengths and weaknesses. But the external environmental factors are beyond the control of the organisation. Marks and Spencer has also taken initiative to maintain and improve its position. It provides good customer services, using modern techniques, and provides products according to the demand of the customers.

India shine

As the first reports started to trickle in, the apprehensions of the party workers at 7 RCA and Congress WHQL began to crystallize to gloom. The early trends seemed to be daunting and slowly yet steadily the buildup towards the ultimate result was emerging. Beyond doubt the flow was In favor of Brutally Kanata Party (BGP), the major opposition party. By the end of the day†¦ The Congress was truly humbled with an abysmally low tally†¦ 44 seats, the lowest ever in the electoral history since independence. For the first time in two decades BGP emerged on its own as the arrest single party.Backdrop & Introspection The result had its impact, at the Congress Parliamentary Board Meeting, the next day. Party President Mrs.. Sonic Gandhi and the Vice President Mr.. Rural Gandhi offered to resign. In an expected twist to the tale, their resignations were not accepted and the party decided to take collective responsibility. There were many issues to focus and It was quite unclear as t o how the grand old party would seek to address these. For two successive terms, the party governed at centre along with Its coalition partners. 2004 elections sprang a definite surprise.The BGP government was on an upswing, the campaign was highly Innovative, the economy In good nick with growth rate around 9. 5% and the image of Its leader Mr.. ABA Payees was most respected. The party perceived itself to be in the driving seat and its campaign â€Å"India Shining† was expected to hit off well with the electorate. In spite of strong economic indicators, fairly good record of governance, general sense of well being and all the predictions of re-election, the BGP were stunned. The congress campaign negated the best of Bops claims thus enabling them to take the lead in forming the government.An intrepid and a politically innovative advertisement blitz failed to impress. The most unexpected happened and Congress secured its victory. The first five years I. E. 2004-2009, were con servative yet relatively non controversial. The symptoms of decline began to emerge. The economy was showing signs of recession, growth rate was on the slump, global economic conditions started to show challenging signs yet the congress managed to pull off In 2009 to get re-elected to form a coalition government again. Things began to change†¦ Emboldened by its re-election and the arty started to influence policies and decisions resulting in an indifferent state of governance, conflicts, dilution of control, ineffective monitoring. Ministries began to exert themselves and more or less operated with impunity and became non responsive to PM; abundance of corrupt practices and scandals broke out, economy began to decline with high inflation, price rise, unemployment, dropping investments, growing incidents of violence against women, Look pal agitation etc which put a great deal of pressure.The PM to large extent restricted his operations to his domain and as not seen exerting hims elf to bring the administration under his control. Coupled with this was the most Ineffective approach towards media and interaction on media which left the party scuttling for cover on many occasions. There emerged a general sense of strolls and stagnant state of affairs which was becoming a common overlook a large number of them. For the elections 2014, the focus of the party remained on personality I. E.BGP preliminaries candidate and the issue of secularism. The emergence of PAP and its impact was sidelined and many issues relevant to the runner context of elections were not taken into cognizance. The approach was quite ambivalent and ambiguous. The net result was a mixed message to the electorate looking for answers to questions which remained unanswered. Campaign Challenges : BGP By 2011, the BGP apparently began its preparations to target the 2014 elections. The party began its preparation with a focus on identifying the correct strategy.Having faced the double defeat in 2004 and 2009, it realized that success is possible if the party is able to project its image and be identified as a national alternative. In order to do so, it had to set itself on important issues namely Personality, Platform, Plank, Diversity, Demography and Development. By default, the PUP lead government seemed to pave way for crystallization of BGP campaign strategy by series of actions and inactions. As a first step, the BGP began the exercise of identifying a candidate suitable for spearheading the campaign.After a series of up's and town's, the party was able to narrow down to the CM of Gujarat, Mr.. Neared Mood. The choice was fraught with controversy as many including leading political analysts felt that this old endanger the Bops chances. Even within the party there was a dissent from senior leaders like ELK Divan, Cushman Swarms etc. The other national parties seemed to rejoice as they felt it was a trap BGP had set for itself and the choice would undo their chances. By 201 3, the official declaration took place and Mood was anointed the PM candidate, the face of BGP for the 2014 elections.While the choice of Mood was becoming a controversy, the approach towards elections was to be aligned. The reach out was tremendous, the political alliances were challenging, the geographical ileitis were imposing, the regional heavy weights were difficult to rope in, Mood as a choice was also alienating some erstwhile partners like JDK(U). The party had to identify themes and means to reach out to the target population and make a convincing pitch. The environment had undergone an extensive technology makeover since 2004.The decade has brought in changes in perception as regards elections, greater apolitical pro activity and dependence on reliable and fast communications. The demography too has undergone a rapid change; there was a growing sense of discontent on account of various factors effecting the society, economy and evildoer. Moreover, issues like unrest due t o nationalism, cross border tensions, reactive neighborhood etc also tended to make the Job of convincing electorate that much more difficult. Though the national situation on multiple fronts was grim, the fact that such a situation was a hidden opportunity or not was truly debatable.There were challenges in abundance and the choices were limited by time. The objective was to conceive and present a campaign which appeals to all sections simultaneously and converts the message to conviction and thereafter to action in terms of vote. Starting a campaign too early would be self defeating (2004 stands testimony for that) and too late would be ineffective or defensive (2009 a possible example). The question of when, where, how and who? For an effective campaign message and medium were to be identified and reinforced convincingly as a national alternative.Bops approach towards 2014 was characterized by structured planning and focused execution. It SE about the Job in a clinical manner wit h pre defined objectives to achieve. The campaign activity was set in motion by basic reorganization of the party dare, revamp & election of national executive, short listing prospective Prime Ministerial candidate, identifying issues relevant for campaign, projecting party agenda through articulate spokespersons, adopting multiple media options to leverage reach & communicate were part of numerous hurdles that needed to be considered.The national demography has undergone a substantial change and the increased awareness would also need specific attention. The climate across the country appears to have undergone a change with people across the cross section of society evincing a new found interest in elections. The youth and the educated middle and the upper middle class known for its disregard towards participation in elections appeared reengineering. A conservative estimate put the number of youth vote bank across the country was at 100 million.A substantial chunk of this needed to be harnessed and it was also essential for the party to enhance its vote share across the country. The party needed to correctly identify the challenges of multiple segments divided by diverse parameters such as culture, language, education, age, economic status, religion. Large number of local issues were taking precedence over sectional issues which diluted the party's influence visa–visa the regional players.The campaign called for deliberate action plan with defined objectives and with red flags across the time span to accelerate/ decelerate the campaign. The party decided to go all out leveraging the best of technical brains. A multi-tiered campaign was to be conducted with the objective of targeting and winning over the circumspect population in its favor.. The impact was like a corporate entity trying to rebind itself with a new product launch. There was branding, there was product development, here was segment specific media strategy and there was people to people co ntact.As the stage was set, the BGP was in top gear with the assemble results in northern states showing a thundering favor towards BGP. The time of opportune but the choices were different and difficult. Any misalignment would prove costly. The Aftermath The campaign was highly intense. Both the national parties pitched in all the resources. It was a no holds bar election with reputations at stake. The results were historic. An outright majority for BGP and an irrevocable domination of the Look Saba long with its allies.The congress and the PUP stood decimated. The results were a surprise & beyond all the expectations of all political parties, experts and election surveys. What went right for BGP and why? What factors in this election are lessons for use of effective advertising and media promotion? How did Congress â€Å"Fail to sense the pulse†? What went wrong with experts and pollsters who could not identify the mood? Did â€Å"Personality, Platform, Plank, Diversity, D emography and Development† influence the advertising and media choices and if so how?

Homeschool vs Public School Essay

In this paper I plan on describing education and how it has shaped me. How education effects everyone depending on their situation, whether they are rich, poor, white, black, healthy , or disable . There is a type of education for everybody. In all three essays the authors taught us through the characters they used, the hardships and discrimination that they insured trying to seek an education if they were not considered in the right classification in society. They have taught us that nothing can stop us and we can reach to the stars for anything we want to do as long as we have the will power. As you read my essay you will see some of my own mothers hardships that she went through for us so we could get a good education. The essay tells you how you should go about to choose your education too. It proved in the essay â€Å"Finishing School† by Maya Angelou, how hard it was to be poor and black and get an education or be recognized in society. Even though her Mistress tried to dishonor her by changing her name and disgracing her in front of her friends Angelou had no intention on standing still for it. She might be black but she was not to be put down . She was just as smart or smarter as her mistress as far as she was concerned and no one had any right black or white , rich or poor to discriminate or change anything about her. This was a lesson Angelou taught us to do standing up for ourselves no matter how hard it may be Our education is well worth it and so are we. In the essay â€Å"Indian Education† by Sherman Alexie, he had it hard on the reservation. First he was picked on in school by his peers,,which is something a lot of us go through. As he got older he turned the tables and went through many hardships in his education. Finally to succeed and going to public school. He had to change his ways and get a proper education in order to become something in life. Alexie learned from discrimination and peer pressure. He learned what he had to do to make his life better and how to improve it . All the hardships Alexie, Angelou and Smith-Yackel went through did not stop any of them, they kept going and that is what is I think what makes our education the same Teachers have a way with teaching as told in the essay The Banking â€Å"Concept of Education â€Å"by Paulo Concept of Education (Home School vs. Public School 3 Friere. As told in the essay Friere points out how â€Å"Four times Four is Sixteen† can just be words unless put to use by the student . It is not just up to the teacher to teach us but up to us to take in what the teacher is trying to teach us. However, at the same time it goes without saying if a teacher knows only one way of teaching which may be memorization then that may be the only way a student can learn . So as student I think it is up to us to learn as much as we can. The teacher can only do so much, we have to do the rest . I think that is what Friere is also trying to point out to us. It is not only up to the teacher but up to us as the student too. The essay written by Bonnie Smith-Yackel â€Å"My Mother Never Worked†, is the one that really touched my heart the most. This is my favorite one. My mother was like Martha in many ways. Although my mother had epilepsy all of her life she volunteered to do everything for everyone. My mom was on disability but did not let that keep her down. It was society that tried to keep her, down but she refused to let them hold her back. She was a stay at home mom and did everything for us . She babysat for neighbors, friends and family. She was there at a moment’s notice if anyone had a sick child and needed her. She was a wonderful mother and wife. She went to college for child development and got her associates degree. When we started school she went to school with us every day and volunteered from eight in the morning till we got out of school each day. My moms dream was to be a teacher but because of epilepsy and disability she could not. She could still volunteer though but not get paid for her services. This did not bother my mom. To her she was still fulfilling her job as a teacher. When I was a child I went to public school. I learned a lot while in elementary school and some of middle school. As I got older I cared less about my education and more about fitting in. I grew up in Michigan and went to school there until the middle of the eighth grade. Starting in about the seventh grade school started being more about who was more popular and who likes who, or look at those cheap shoes that girl is wearing. For me I was more concerned about being cool and Concept of Education (Home School vs. Public School) 4 fitting in, than caring about my education. In the middle of eighth grade my family moved to Arkansas. This was very hard on me. I missed my friends very much and didn’t want to start a new school. My grades did improve for a while, but that was only because I didn’t have any friends to focus my attention on. I focused more on my school work. However this did not last long. I didn’t fit in because it was a very small town and I was a shy kid. I then started skipping school. When my mom found out she decided to put me in home school. Education was important to her and my dad. She always wanted to make sure I succeeded in life She got me up every morning just like as if I was going to school. I had the same hours as any other student in public school. My vacations were based around the public school. If the public school had a snow day or holiday I was allowed to have that day off. Home school was good for me because I had one on one teaching which I did not have in the public school. I needed that because of me being so shy and at times I would not raise my hand if I had questions. In home school I had my mom and dad to help me. I could focus better on my school work because I was not distracted or afraid of not getting anything done . I had hands on learning with my mom, and my dad incorporated projects to go with her lessons. I remember my dad and making a computer out of sugar cubes and Styrofoam , volcano, castles out of toilet paper rolls and a lot of other projects. I was never really good in English although believe it or not my mom was very good . My mom taught me the basics of school work, while my dad taught me about cars , how to plant a garden, and taking care of animals such as pigs, chickens, cows. We had a garden with fruits and vegetables, I learned to cook for large family. I was in FFA and I won the BBQ chicken semi- finals. I learned how to live in society. I worked and had a job too. My mom taught me much more then what you can learn in a book . She taught me lives lessons just like Martha taught her children in My Mother Never Worked. She gave me the skills I needed. I learned to use those skills and so here I am today working at Lakeland Hospital now for 10 years Concept of Education (Home School vs. Public School) 5 and finally going to college and studying for a nursing Career. Audience Analysis With education comes how we the parent, teacher and student will educate or be educated. One of the toughest decisions that you’re going to face as a parent is that you’re going to have to decide where to send your kids to school. However, most parents at least consider the choice to choose either private school, home school or public school. You as a parent can weigh the options of what you think would be better for you and your child’s education. To do this you and your child might want to weight the factors that play a part in the pros and cons of public school and home school and what is best for you and your child. As a parent you may feel that public schools have too many peer problems. Kids may argue with peers or pick up bad habits in public schools. There are so many children to one teacher it is hard to give one on one to the child that is quiet and needs help but won’t ask and they get lost in the school system. Your child may have health issues, like diabetes or other disabilities therefore when lunchtime comes it is hard for your child if he or she has diabetes or foods he or she can not have and is forced to eat what there or just take a sandwich from home and be the outsider. As a parent or student you need to weigh what is best for the both of you. Home schooling may be the answer in this case. Home schooling is a great way to bring a family closer together, but you have to make sure your kids (and you) are getting the social interaction they need. You can set a school schedule that suits your family, travel together when it’s best for all of you and enjoy more family a nd life together. You also need to make sure you have the type of relationship with your child to listen to instruction from you as a teacher instead to a parent, You as a parent have the option to teach your child anything from bible (which most public schools do not allow) to the basics school book skills to life skills. As a working parent public school is probably better . Transportation is provided, so there is no need Concept of Education (Home School vs. Public School) 6 to worry about having a car. School buses will pick up your child to and from school. For some parents the choice is easy because of the funds and the availability of the parent’s time. Public schools provide the kids with an opportunity to great activities , this is important to many of you as parents and as students . Many of you want your children in activities and think this is important. Public school gives you this option , so this you might want to take into consideration also. All around development is easier in public schools. If you are worried about feeding your child at school and you are low income, they have low cost or free breakfast and lunches for your child too. So basically it is up to you on the education of your children. There are pros and cons. In Conclusion: Some kids do best when they are able to combine different options to complete their education. In order to choose the right type of school, you need to weigh all of the options open to you. My sister Amy went and graduated from public school with honors. My sister Christal received a GED., she choose to work. School was hard for her. I have an adopted sister Janice who was in special ed , she went to public school but was in special classes and received a special diploma . Now days you can do both of two worlds my sister (Chasity) has PCOS and Diabetes which made her miss a lot of school so she is doing through Coloma High School , a Coloma Virtual Academy which is a home school but works with the public school too. . She goes to school to pick classes, participates if she wishes, can graduate with her class, but her Doctors appointment’s and her health problems will no longer prevent her from her education. So my mom is home schooling her in a different way than she did me. They made a different choice of education for her. They both were good choices but for different reasons. That is why you should look into the situation before deciding what to do. As a parent your child is not the same as anyone else so they may require a different type of education just like my sisters and I did. It is you and your child’s choice

Does a breakup make sense essays

Does a breakup make sense essays Everyone knew that the government had mounted a strong case in U.S. vs. Microsoft. But nobody expect a complete rout. Yet, when U.S. District Judge Thomas P. Jackson released his finding of facts on Nov. 5, he handed state and federal prosecutors an unambiguous triumph. Declaring that Microsoft routinely used its monopoly power to crush competitors, he portrayed the software giant as nothing less than a social menace. Jackson ¡s fact-findings were so critical of the company that they ¡ve raised the stakes in this battle: Suddenly, the breakup of Microsoft is a real possibility.  ¡If you had asked me how likely a breakup of Microsoft was six months ago, I would have said 10%, ¡ says Robert E. Litan, an antitrust expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C.  ¡Now I say it ¡s 50%. ¡ The last time the government broke up a major company was in1982, when it worked with a cooperative ATBreaking them up is not the right answer, ¡ says Benchmark Capital partner David Beirne, a key backer of Red Hat Software Inc., which makes a Linux, based operating system that competes with Windows. Microsoft president Steven A. Ballmer, in an interview with BUSINESS WEEK, also insisted that the company would be  ¡happy to resolve this as quickly as possible. But, he added,  ¡We aren ¡t going to compromise on the principle of the freedom to innovate. ¡ In other words, the Feds can ¡t tell Microsoft what to put in its products. The main argument for divestiture is that Microsoft has so much power, and is so innately aggressive, that nothing else will keep the company from unfairly preying on rivals. If the government tries to break Microsoft up, there are four structural remedies. Horizontal breakup : Breaking Microsoft into th ...

Leadership and Supervising Influence in Human Services

Leadership and Supervising Influence in Human Services Introduction Leadership is the ability to steer people toward achieving goals. Leadership is a strategic position, and according to advanced leadership models, leaders can perform different roles. Leaders can perform the functions of management, mediation and even mentorship roles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Supervising Influence in Human Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These roles are clearly visible when leaders are managing programs or projects in the organization. Supervisory and leadership are critical in building healthy working relationships (Lewis, Packard Lewis, 2007). Roles of Leadership Model The manager quality in leadership is particularly valuable. A leader is required posses administrative skills. Implementation of programs, like human service programs involve the allocation of resources. These resources have to be well employed and utilized in meeting the goals or object ives of programs. Therefore, as a manager, a leader must know how to deploy resources and organize work so that the goals are attained at the end of the program. As a mediator, a leader should have the ability to moderate work by listening to differing proposals and opinions, and crafting a lee way of working. Leaders should know how to broker mutual agreements between opposing forces in the team. As a mentor, the leader has to be exemplary to the team. He has to show that he or she is committed to the course or program. He must encourage the team and ensure that they remain focused (Lewis, Packard Lewis, 2007). Elements of the supervisory process Supervision is a process, and its elements are brought out in the model which was developed by Schulman. These elements are in phases. The first phase, which is the preliminary phase, comes before the supervisor is assigned to a specific. In this phase, the feelings, personal fears and emotions of employees are assessed. It is followed by the beginning phase. The role of the supervisor is clarified. The supervisor is given direction and approach of facilitation. The ideas of the team are listened to by the supervisor so as to come up with a proper framework on which to work with the team in accomplishing the set goals.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is also the middle phase, where facilitation takes place. A number of skills are employed here; for instance, skills of problem solving so that common grounds can be reached with the entire team. Lastly, is the transition phase. This may entail the assignment of a new task, promotion or even resignation of the supervisor (Lewis, Packard Lewis, 2007). Supervisory Challenges An employee may be promoted from his position to a supervisor. This takes time, and it is transitional. This requires highly developed skills as well as knowledge. Also, thi s calls for greater exercise of authority and responsibility. As the employee assumes the supervisory role, he or she will need to shift and focus on assessment and evaluation of employees. The first hurdle will be in choosing the most favorable leadership style to use. Maintaining a balance between the employees and the clients is another hard task to enforce and which must be enforced (Lewis, Thomas Lewis, 2007). The supervisor must motivate the employees. The supervisor must strike a balance between the extrinsic and intrinsic reward systems. Winning the attention of staffs through rewarding is a complicated issue all together yet if well enforced, the output of staffs will often grow. The problem of low performance of employees must be addressed by the supervisor. Reprimand and disciplinary procedures have to be used. The supervisor must ensure that he has exploited all channels of improving the outcome of underperforming employees before reprimanding and using other disciplina ry options (Lewis, Thomas Lewis, 2007). Influencing factors Job design is vital in attaining quality at the work and output of employees. It involves integrating various roles to be done employees to accomplish the organizational mission. A systematic process is used in specifying the duties to be performed at each position. The natures of jobs to be performed are described by the job design. Hiring consists of selecting people, who are best qualified. Skills, education, past employment and experience are key considerations in the recruitment process. The employer must evaluate the job applicants, and even link their experience and skills to the organizational mission and objectives (Lewis, Packard Lewis, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Supervising Influence in Human Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Training follows recruitment. This deals with the provision of information to employe es concerning the programs of the organization. In addition, the services and products of the organization are described during training. It also enhances the knowledge level of the new staffs, which in turn enhances resilience to organizational problems. The delivery of service is enhanced by training. The manner in which the employees are managed will be the determinant factor of their achievement (Lewis, Packard Lewis, 2007). Challenges of Managing Team Members The management of individuals and groups in a firm entails the use of effective communication. The challenges commonly experienced in supervision of employees are stress related to ineffective management, training problems, which results in low quality work and results and lack of intensive motivation from the supervisors. Others are low level of supervisor education and incompetent supervisors – in leadership skills and professionalism (Austin Hopkins, 2004). Conclusion Leaders play several roles, among them mana gement, mediatory and mentorship. These roles are essential in human service organization. Training of supervisors is also crucial. It aids in smoothening the supervisory process. Problems are inherent in the supervisory process hence supervisors have to take time to learn them and address them effectively. References Austin, M. J., Hopkins, K. M. (2004). Supervision as collaboration in the human services: Building a learning culture. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage. Lewis, J. A., Packard, T., Lewis, M. D. (2007). Developing and Managing Human Resources (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning. Cengage.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lewis, J.A., Thomas, T.R., Lewis, M. D. (2007). Management of human service programs.- Wadsworth: Cengage.